Traditional medicines and their in-vitro proof against Staphylococcus aureus in Pakistan

Objective:To gather the fragmented literature on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and in-vitro activities of medicinal plants of Pakistan being used against common infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).Methods:A large number of published and unpublished research studies related to the ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and anti-S. aureus activity of medicinal flora of Pakistan published from 1990-2018 were reviewed using online bibliographic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, ResearchGate and libraries.Results:S. aureus can cause many human ailments including endocarditis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, septic arthritis, respiratory problems with an estimated infection rate of 25%-35% across the globe. This review comprised of 86 medicinal plants. Data showed that people mostly used leaves (50%) for the preparation of traditional medicines. Correlation analysis on the reviewed data revealed that methanolic extract concentrations of medicinal plants was highly significantly positive correlated (r=0.8; P<0.01) with the S. aureus zone of inhibitions. S. aureus reportedly showed complete resistant to the commonly used antibiotic erythromycin. Isolated compounds like altheahexacosanyl lactone, cinnamaldehyde, niloticane, gobicusin A, asparacosin A, muzanzagenin, isoagatharesinol, friedelin, inophynone and eugenol were active against S. aureus. This study provided in-vitro proof for the flora of Pakistan used against different infections caused by S. aureus.Conclusions:Antibacterial agents from natural sources could be more effective against bacterial pathogens and will be helpful in minimizing the adverse effects of synthetic drugs, and hence provides a base for the pharmaceutical industries.

Traditional medicines and their in-vitro proof against Staphylococcus aureus in Pakistan

Objective: To gather the fragmented literature on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and in-vitro activities of medicinal plants of Pakistan being used against common infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Methods: A large number of published and unpublished research studies related to the ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and anti-S. aureus activity of medicinal flora of Pakistan published from 1990-2018 were reviewed using online bibliographic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, ResearchGate and libraries. Results: S. aureus can cause many human ailments including endocarditis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, septic arthritis, respiratory problems with an estimated infection rate of 25%-35% across the globe. This review comprised of 86 medicinal plants. Data showed that people mostly used leaves (50%) for the preparation of traditional medicines. Correlation analysis on the reviewed data revealed that methanolic extract concentrations of medicinal plants was highly significantly positive correlated (r=0.8; P<0.01) with the S. aureus zone of inhibitions. S. aureus reportedly showed complete resistant to the commonly used antibiotic erythromycin. Isolated compounds like altheahexacosanyl lactone, cinnamaldehyde, niloticane, gobicusin A, asparacosin A, muzanzagenin, isoagatharesinol, friedelin, inophynone and eugenol were active against S. aureus. This study provided in-vitro proof for the flora of Pakistan used against different infections caused by S. aureus. Conclusions: Antibacterial agents from natural sources could be more effective against bacterial pathogens and will be helpful in minimizing the adverse effects of synthetic drugs, and hence provides a base for the pharmaceutical industries. http://www.apjtm.org/article.asp?issn=1995-7645;year=2018;volume=11;issue=6;spage=355;epage=368;aulast=Adnan;type=2.

Frequency of adverse maternal outcome with valvular heart disease

Objective: To determine frequency of adverse maternal outcome in women with valvular heart disease

Study design: Cross-sectional study

Sampling technique: Non-probability consecutive sampling

Place and duration: Department of obstetrics and Gynae Allied and DHQ hospital Faisalabad for 1 year from 01-01-2017 to 31-12-2017

Patient and methods: 254 pregnant women with heart disease were included in study. Final diagnosis of valvular heart disease was made by echocardiography. Maternal outcome in term of cardiac failure and arrhythmia measured

Results: out of 254 patients 93[36.6 percent]were of 20-25 years of age,127[50 percent]were in 26-30 years age group and remaining 34[13.4 percent]were more than 30 years of age.123[48.4 percent]were gravida 1,84[33 percent]were gravida 2,35[13.8 percent]gravida 3 and remaining 12[4.8 percent]were gravida 4 and more.174[68.5 percent]patients were booked and remaining 80[31.5 percent]were unbooked.103[40.6 percent]were diagnosed before pregnancy,15[5.9 percent]in First trimester,101[39.7 percent]in second trimester and 35[13.8 percent]in third trimester.133[52.4 percent]patients were of mitral stenosis,52[20.4 percent]of mitral stenosis and regurgitation,27[10.6 percent]of aortic stenosis,21[8.2 percent]of multivalve disease,13[5.2 percent]of prosthetic valve and 8[3.2 percent]of coronary artery disease.193[76 percent]patients were delivered vaginally,45[17.7 percent]undergo C-Section and 16[6.3 percent]induced abortion.10[3.9 percent]developed heart failure,18[7.1 percent]arrhythmias,13[5.1 percent]bleeding and 7[2.7 percent]patients died

Conclusion: Heart disease in pregnancy is a high-risk condition. Multidisciplinary approach achieves good maternal outcome

Microwave and conventional synthesis of Co [II], Cu [II] and Ni [II] metal complexes of some acid hydrazones with their spectral characterization and biological evaluation

The transition metal complexes of Co[II], Ni[II], and Cu[II] derived from N'-[[5-[2,5-dichlorophenyl]furan-2- yl]methylene]-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide [L24] and N'-[[5-[2, 5-dichlorophenyl]furan-2-yl]methylene]benzohydrazide [L21] have been synthesized by conventional as well as microwave method being shorter time consuming, solvent less and gives improved yields as compared to the traditional conventional technique. These compounds were characterized by melting point, TLC, FTIR, 1 H-NMR, elemental analysis, potentiometric titration, ICP-OES and EIMS. From this analytical data it is confirmed that complexes are in octahedral structure with coordination number 6 which revealed 1:2 [metal:ligand]. FTIR data shows that these synthesized hydrazone ligands have ONO donor sites and coordinate with transition metal ions in a tridentate monobasic manner. All these synthesized compounds were tested for evaluation of antibacterial activity by agar disc diffusion assay and total antioxidant activity by Phosphomolybdenum method

Clinical presentation and management of adult choledochal cyst: a retrospective review

Objectives: To determine the mode of presentation and commonest surgical procedures done for adult choledochal disease in a tertiary care hospital

Methodology: A retrospective review conducted in Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from January 1995 to January 2005 with one year of follow up. All patients above 13 years of age with choledochal cyst were considered for the study. Mode of clinical presentation and commonest surgical procedures were recorded

Results: Of the total 23 patients collected, 08 [34.78%] were males and 15 [65.22%] were females. Regarding mode of clinical presentation, pain right hypochondrium with raised serum bilirubin and ALT levels was found in 21.73% of patients. Complete cyst excision was possible in 69.56% of the patients. Complete cyst excision followed by Roux-en-Y common hepatico-jejunostomy was performed in 30.43% and common hepatico-dudenostomy in 26.08%

Conclusion: The most common mode of clinical presentation of choledochal cyst was pain right hypochondrium with raised serum bilirubin and ALT levels. The commonest surgical procedure was complete cyst excision with Roux-en-Y common hepatico-jejunostomy

Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and antibacterial activities of medicinal flora of Pakistan used against Pseudomonas aeruginosa-A Review

Medicinal plants have been used from ancient time against different infectious diseases caused by microorganisms across the globe. The present review represents different medicinal plants of Pakistan used traditionally for the treatment of variety of ailments caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, their in-vitro activities against/! aeruginosa and phytochemistry. These plants were extracted with different solvents that showed good in-vitro activities against P. aeruginosa, due to the presence of active phytoconstituents including alkaloids, terpenoids etc. Among all the solvents used for extraction process, alcoholic extracts were mostly preferred in Pakistan. However, non-alcoholic solvents like ethyl acetate and chloroform also showed good anti-P aeruginosa activities. Statistically, increase in concentration [mg/ml] of ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts significantly increase [p=0.000 and p= 0.046] inhibitory activity against P. aeruginosa. This review provides scientific validation of the traditional knowledge in using medicinal plants for the treatment of different diseases caused by this bacterium. Reported Pakistani medicinal plants contain variety of phytochemical compounds that could be very useful in the production of new drugs with fewer side effects on living system compared to some allopathic drugs. This review also provides baseline information for future research studies on the phytochemistry of unexplored plants. Further research studies should be carried out on non-alcoholic extracts that could be helpful in the extraction new compounds, which could lead to the development of some novel drugs in the pharmaceutical industries of Pakistan

Self-compassion and procrastination among first born and last born university students

The present study was intended.' first to measure the predictive association between procrastination and self-compassion among first born and last born university students; second to assess the differences on the variable of procrastination between first born and last born university students. A sample of 200 students [100 boys and 100 girls] was taken from different universities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The Procrastination Scale [Lay, 1986] and Self-Compassion Scale [Neff 2003] were used. The data was analyzed using Regression Analyses and t-test. The results showed that self-compassion and its sub-scales of isolation and mindfulness significantly predicted procrastination in first born university students. Further, self-compassion is found to be insignificant predictor of procrastination in last born university students whereas its sub-scale of kindness significantly predicted procrastination in last born university students. Furthermore, differences between the first born and last born university students on the variable of procrastination are found to be insignificant. Implications of the findings and avenues for future research are suggested

Perinatal outcome in low ammniotic fluid index

In high risk pregnancies, there is a dire need to assess amniotic fluid volume. If values of amniotic fluid volume fall within normal limits, it reassures us regarding well being of fetus. The chronically stressed fetus is likely to have low amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid index is a reliable fetal surveillance test and in some obstetrical units highly reliable parameter. Decreased amniotic fluid index has been considered as an indicator of poor neonatal outcome. AFI may be used to predict the occurrence of thick meconium stained liquor and need for intervention for fetal distress in post date pregnancies. Descriptive Study. Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore affiliated with Fatima College of Medicine and dentistry Lahore. 6 month from 7/2/2007 to 7/8/2007. All pregnant women, meeting the inclusion criteria admitted in labour room either through emergency or OPD were selected. The AFI was calculated ultrasonically and these patients were followed till the time of delivery and the APGAR scores of newborn were compared with AFI. During the study period AFI was measured in 60 patients. Among these patients, 32 patients had AFI between 3-4 cm and babies were meconium stained, 23 patients had AFI of 5-6 cm and babies had normal APGAR at the time of delivery. AFI was < 2 cm in 5 patients and babies required resuscitation and admitted in nursery. The AFI is a reliable predictor of neonatal outcome

Prevalence and susceptibility pattern of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus [MRSA]

To determine the prevalence and susceptibility pattern of MRSA isolated at a single tertiary care hospital at Rawalpindi and to compare MRSA susceptibility pattern with MSSA [Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus]. Descriptive cross sectional data based study. The study was conducted at department of microbiology, Pakistan Railways Hospital Rawalpindi, from January 2012 to March 2014. Culture reports data were retrospectively collected from microbiology laboratory. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of all staphylococcal strains were determined by modified Kirby Bauer antibiotic sensitivity method. The data was analyzed on the basis of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, location of the patient [OPD, ward patients] and specimen type [wound swab, pus, HVS and effusions]. A total of 167 isolates were used in the study. Among these isolates 55 [33%] were MRSA and 112 [67%] were MSSA. The majority of S.aureus isolates were obtained from patients with skin and soft tissue infections. All [100%] strains of MRSA isolated during study period were found to be sensitive to Vancomycin, and linezolid and 95% to Teicoplanin, as well as they showed higher susceptibility against chloramphenicol [88%],Fusidic acid [70%] and Rifampin [48%] while MSSA showed higher susceptibility to Gentamicin [92%],Erythromycin [86%] and Ciprofloxacin [71%] as compared to MRSA. This study showed a high prevalence of MRSA in this tertiary care hospital of Rawalpindi. Present study conclusively shows that Vancomycin, Linezolid and Teicoplanin remain the first choice of treatment for MRSA infections. Still alternative antibiotics like chloramphenicol, Fusidic acid, and Rifampin are available to maintain and reserve the efficacy of Vancomycin, Teicoplanin and Linezolid in treating life threatening illnesses

Abnormal cardiotocography; perinatal outcome

To observe the effect of abnormal Cardiotocography to delivery interval on perinatal outcome in terms of Apgar score. Descriptive case series study. Baqai Medical University department of obstetrics and gynecology Fatima Hospital Karachi from Jan 2011 to July 2011. One hundred patients were registered who had pathological Cardiotocography. Bishop's score was noted and decision to deliver the patient was made according to the abnormality, and bishop's score. If bishop's score was good and vaginal delivery was imminent, then her second stage was shortened by operative vaginal delivery. Fetal distress was managed by left lateral position, O2 inhalation and hydration. If delivery was not imminent then decision of urgent LSCS was made, meanwhile fetal distress was managed. Decision - delivery interval was recorded, and fetal outcome was noted in terms of Apgar score and resuscitation needed. During this period one hundred pregnant women at term had pathological CTG for which they were delivered urgently. Among them 12% of parturients were delivered within 30 min, 68% delivered within 30-60 min, 12% delivered in 60-90 min and only 8% were delivered in 90-120 min. Seventy four [74%] of parturients were delivered by emergency lower segment caesarean section and 26% of parturients were delivered by instrumental vaginal delivery. Fetal outcome in terms of 1 min Apgar score, 38% of neonates had Apgar score of <7, 46% had >7 and 16% had Apgar score of <5. This group of neonates required resuscitation and 5 min Apgar was good. No neonate was admitted in Neonatal unit. In this study it is concluded that with fetal heart rate abnormality, if fetus is delivered within 60 min, it is not associated with poor fetal and neonatal outcome, provided fetal distress is managed while preparing for emergency lower segment caesarean section

Gynaecological hysterectomy; indications, morbidity and mortality at a tertiary care hospital

The aims of study are [1]To make an audit of hysterectomies by either route in a teaching hospital.[2]To determine the morbidity and mortality associated with this procedure. Descriptive study. Gynae and Obstetrics units, Independent University Hospital Faisalabad. From 1-1-2006 to 31-12-2008. Retrospective collection of data by convenience sample technique. 27% cases were due to fibroids, 22% were due to uterovaginal prolapse, 19% [DUB], 13% [chronic PID]. The complications were 28% [UTI] by abdominal route and 13.3% were by vaginal route, 26.6% wound infection and 2.6% in vaginal hysterectomy, rest of complications were comparable by both routes. Vaginal hysterectomy has more promising results but is reserved for specific indications

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome; in spontaneous conception a case report

It is known that most cases of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome [OHSS] are associated with the therapies for ovulation induction. However, OHSS may rarely be associated with a spontaneous ovulatory cycle, usually in the case of multiple gestations, hypothyroidism or polycystic ovarian syndrome. We report a case of moderate OHSS in spontaneously conceived twin pregnancy in a 24 years old woman. The clinical picture showed amenorrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and moderate ascites. After examinations, imaging and laboratory investigations, the diagnosis was established. The patient was managed expectantly with no complications. Although spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation is a rare entity, it is important that the physician recognizes this condition. Prompt diagnosis and successful management is likely to avoid serious complications, which may develop rapidly

Adherence of healthcare professionals to American diabetes association 2004 guidelines for the care of patients with type 2 diabetes at peripheral diabetes clinics in Karachi, Pakistan

Objective: To observe the adherence of Healthcare Professionals to American Diabetes Association [ADA] 2004 guidelines for the care of patients with type 2 diabetes at Peripheral Diabetes Clinics [PDCs] in Karachi, Pakistan

Methodology: The study was conducted using a retrospective medical chart review of patients with type 2 diabetes at four PDCs in four townships of Karachi district from January 2005 to December 2006. Entire medical records of patients were evaluated for the evidence of documentation of testing and treatment

Results: Medical records of 691 patients [332 males and 359 females] with type 2 diabetes were reviewed. Mean age of the patients was 50.79 +/- 10.75 years. Deficiencies were observed in most areas of diabetes care. Blood pressure was documented in 85.81% patients, whereas, serum creatinine, HbA1c and lipid profile were noted in 56%, 44.57% and 40.08% of the patients respectively. Similarly, lower leg examination was registered in 44% patients, while in 30.53% of the patients fundoscopic examination was recorded. Co-morbid conditions like hypertension and hyperlipidemia were documented in 92.7% and 84.6% patients respectively. HbA1c < 7% was achieved by 59.04% patients, while 27.50% of the patients attained the recommended level of serum cholesterol. Likewise, ADA recommended goal for blood pressure and LDL was achieved by13.02% and 12.16% patients respectively

Conclusions: The study showed that adherence of healthcare professionals to ADA guidelines was suboptimal. Moreover, insufficient documentation of medical records reflected inadequate care of patients with type 2 diabetes

Lower segment cesarean section [LSCS]; indications and complications at teaching hospital, Faisalabad

Caesarean section is one of the commonly performed surgical procedures in obstetric and is certainly one of the oldest operations in surgery. Recently there has been a dramatic rise in the caesarean section rate world wide especially in the developed countries. As primary caesarean deliveries contributed most to the overall caesarean section rate [CSR]. So this is clear that primary caesarean section is an important target for reduction because it leads to an increased risk for repeat caesarean delivery. To have an overview of fetomaternal indications for LSCS at a teaching hospital And to review intra-operative and postoperative complications of LSCS at tertiary care centre. All caesarean sections performed at Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit Independent University Hospital Faisalabad from January 2009 to December 2010 were reviewed. Information was obtained from operation theater and labor ward records. During the study period 100 patients undergone caesarean section. Out of 100 patients, 58[58%] had emergency and 42[42%] had elective caesarean section. The leading maternal indications were previous caesarean section 34 [34%], severe pre- eclampsia 6[6%],post date and failed induction of labor6 [6%], placenta previa 6[6%], and failure of progression of labor 5[5%], PROM3[3%], Pre-PROM3[3%]and cephalopelvic disproportion2 [2%].Major fetal indications include fetal distress9 [9%], malpresentation 6[6%], cord prolapse 3[3%],IUGR 5[5%] and pregnancy complicated by multiple fetuses 7 [7%]. Intraoperative surgical and anesthetic complications were observed in very few patients. Nine babies had perinatal deaths in this study, 8 belonged to emergency and only one baby died in elective group due to aspiration pneumonia. Majority of cesarean section are done in emergency situations and previous CS is the most frequent indication of cesarean section. The most effective mean to control CS is the prevention of first caesarean section which could be achieved by adopting the policy of trial of vaginal birth after previous Csection, selective vaginal breech delivery and regular audit of C-section as well as early detection of at risk cases and proper referral in time is the key factor in decreasing the cesarean section rate and complications

Frequency of urethrocutaneous fistula following snodgrass hypospadias repair in children

To determine the frequency of urethrocutaneous fistula over a period of three months following snodgrass hypospadias repair for the treatment of distal penile hypospadias in children. This descriptive study was conducted in the pediatric surgery unit, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar over a period of eight months from June 2009 to February 2010. Patients with distal penilehypospadia without chordee between 2 and 14 years were included and patients were excluded who had previous repair for hypospadias. All those patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria whose parents gave informed consent after explanation of the whole protocol were admitted through outpatient department for the said procedure and data was analyzed. A total of 52 patients were included in the study. All patients were in the range of 2 to 10 years and underwent Snodgrass Tubularized Incised Plate [TIP] urethroplasty for hypospadias repair. The overall rate of urethrocutaneous fistula was 9.6% [5 out of 52 patients]. Mean operative time noted in minutes was 57.52 minutes. No major morbidity or mortality was noted in this study. TIP urethroplasty is simple, single stage operation in the management of hypospadias and has good functional and low complication rate

Laparoscopy; its role in diagnosis of various gynecological conditions

Diagnostic Laparoscopy is considered to be the gold standard for the evaluation of the pelvis and is considered a safe procedure. Diagnostic Laparoscopy is a technique in the routine investigation and treatment of infertility as well as other gynecological problems. To determine, Laparoscopic findings in different gynecological conditions, different causes of infertility and complications of laparoscopy Retrospective, descriptive study. We reviewed case records of all patients who underwent laparoscopy for their different Gynecological problems. Data were collected from patient case records in a data entry sheet In our study a total of Thirty patients under went laparoscopy for investigation of different gynecological problems. There were 17 patients who have primary infertility and 6 have secondary infertility while 7 presented with Lower abdominal pain. In our study the leading cause of primary infertility was Polycystic Ovarian Disease[29%].Other causes were bilateral tubal blockade [23.53%] ,17% has PID and fibroid uteri, While one patients shown Endometriosis as well as one patient had no obvious pathology.[5.88%].On laparoscopic examination of secondary infertility 50% shown Tubal blocked while 16.67 shown Fibroid uterus and PID.One patient had normal pelvic findings[16.67]. Regarding patients presented with pain lower abdomen 57.15% has ovarian cyst, 28.58% has Ectopic pregnancy while one case[14.29%] had hetrotropic pregnancy. In 24 patients had no complication and recovery was smooth. laparoscopy had to be converted into Laparotomy due to significant hemorrhage in two patient and wound infection was observed in two patients. One patient presented with post operative fever and one presented with abdominal pain. Laparoscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool for females in different gynecological problems. The benefit of the laparoscopy to open surgery include less pain, less scarring, less disability and quicker recovery

BCG vaccination is associated with decreased severity of tuberculosis in Pakistan

Vaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guerin [BCG] is given at birth to protect against tuberculosis [TB] in Pakistan. The country ranks 6th amongst high-burden countries worldwide and has an incidence of 231/100,000 population. This was a cross-sectional multi-center hospital-based study. TB patients [n = 218] with pulmonary [PTB, n = 120] or extrapulmonary [ETB, 98] were recruited, and the presence of a BCG vaccination scar was documented. Cases were further classified into minimal, moderate and advanced PTB or less severe [LETB] or severe disseminated [D-ETB] disease. The association of age, gender and severity of TB infections with BCG vaccination of the individual TB cases was investigated. No difference was found of the BCG vaccination status of PTB and ETB cases, or in relation to age or gender. Patients under 29 years of age comprised the largest group. There were more females with ETB than PTB. The largest group within ETB comprised those with tuberculous lymphadenitis [LNTB, 39%]. A significantly greater number of LNTB cases had received BCG vaccinations than had those with pleural [unilateral] TB [p = 0.004], and tuberculous meningitis [p = 0.027] groups. Also, there were more immunized patients with pulmonary as compared with pleural disease [p = 0.001]. LNTB represents localized granulomatous disease and the observation of higher vaccination rates in this group suggests that BCG has protected against more severe forms of TB in this high-burden region.

Bleeding disorders in obstetrics and gynaecological practice

The objective of the study was to determine the frequency, types, presenting symptoms and management options in patients with bleeding disorders in the local obstetric and gynaecological practice. This was a descriptive study of one year duration conducted at the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission General Hospital, Islamabad. Types of bleeding disorders in decreasing order of frequency were HELLP syndrome in 27.7% [n=5], gestational thrombocytopenia in 22% [n=4], Von Willbrand disease in 16.66% [n=3], Glanzmann's thrombesthenia in 11.11% [n=2], autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in 11.11% [n=2], post-transfusion purpura in 6% [n=1] and factor V deficiency in 6% [n=1]. HELLP syndrome and gestational thrombocytopenia were the commonest bleeding disorders in pregnant patients and Von Willebrand disease is the the commonest bleeding disorder in gynaecological patients with menorrhagia

Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and integrons in Escherichia Coli from Punjab, Pakistan

Antimicrobial resistance was studied in Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine samples of 457 patients suffering from urinary tract infection. High prevalence of class 1 integrons (43.56 percent), sulfamethoxazole resistance genes sul1 (45.54 percent) and sul2 (51.48 percent) along with occurrence of quinolone resistance genes was detected in multi drug resistance isolates.

Ethnic differences in metabolic syndrome among South Asians of Pakistan

To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in different ethnic subgroups of urban population of Karachi, Pakistan. This cross sectional study was conducted in Lyari Town. Data of 856 adults >25 years old was available in terms of ethnic subgroups for analysis; 363 of these subjects gave blood samples. Their anthropometric, demographic and biochemical data was collected. Distinct ethnic subgroups- Muhajir, Punjabi, Sindhi, Baluchi and Pushtun were defined on the basis of mother tongue. Out of 856 subjects, 73% were females. Mean age of the subjects was 40.7 +/- 14.1 years. Metabolic syndrome was found in 34.8% subjects according to the IDF criteria. In terms of ethnic groups the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome was seen in Pushtuns [41.3%] and the lowest in Muhajirs [32.5%]. Statistically significant differences were seen in the age adjusted waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, fasting triglycerides, insulin and HOMA levels among ethnic subgroups. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the studied population was found to be significantly high but there was no statistical difference seen among various ethnic subgroups. Further large scale studies are needed to confirm these findings